Tensiones en cotidianidad de jóvenes universitarios: estudio en tres universidades del Quindío

(analítico) Con el tiempo, el acceso de los jóvenes a la universidad ha sido mayor; sin embargo, una serie de factores puede hacer que, en este tránsito, los estudiantes experimenten tensiones que influyen en su salud integral. Por ello, conocer cuáles son las tensiones que viven los estudiantes en el contexto universitario constituye un punto de partida para su bienestar. Se realizó una investigación cualitativa con diseño fenomenológico, mediante grupos focales y entrevistas se-miestructuradas. La categorización se realizó con el Software IRaMuTeQ y su análisis mediante la técnica de análisis de contenido. Se encontró que las redes de apoyo pueden convertirse en agentes de tensión: red familiar, expectativas frente al desempeño académico; red social, necesidad de encajar y establecer relaciones, y red universitaria, metodologías de algunos profesores y desconocimiento de infraestructura.

(analytical) Over time, the access of young people to the university has been greater; however, a series of factors can cause students to experience tensions during this transit that influence their overall health. Therefore, knowing what are the tensions that students experience in the university context constitutes a starting point for their well-being. A qualitative research with a phenomenological design was carried out, through focus groups and semi-structured interviews. The categorization was carried out with the IRaMuTeQ Software and its analysis using the content analysis technique. It was found that support networks can become agents of tension: family network, expectations regarding academic performance; social network, need to fit in and establish relationships, and university network, methodologies of some professors and lack of knowledge of infrastructure.

(analítico) Com o passar do tempo, o acesso dos jovens à universidade foi maior; no entanto, uma série de fatores pode fazer com que os alunos experimentem tensões durante esse trânsito que influenciam sua saúde geral. Portanto, saber quais são as tensões que os alunos vivenciam no contexto universitário constitui um ponto de partida para o seu bem-estar. Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa de delineamento fenomenológico, por meio de grupos focais e entrevistas semiestruturadas. A categorização foi realizada com o Software IRaMuTeQ e sua análise por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Constatou-se que as redes de apoio podem se tornar agentes de tensão: rede familiar, expectativas em relação ao desempenho acadêmico; rede social, necessidade de se enquadrar e estabelecer relacionamentos, e rede universitária, metodologias de alguns professores e desconhecimento de infraestrutura.

Contexto sociocultural y construcción de identidades en jóvenes de escuelas rurales / Sociocultural context and construction of identities in young people from rural schools

La investigación tiene como objetivo comprender la incidencia de los contextos socioculturales en la cons-trucción de identidades en jóvenes rurales, a través del análisis etnográfico hermenéutico del discurso en estudiantes y un profesor de una institución pública rural de Cundinamarca, Colombia. El estudio fue desarrollado desde un enfoque cualitativo, a través de la etnografía hermenéutica con estudio de caso, con la participación de 16 estudiantes con edades entre los 11 y 15 años, de sexto a noveno de educación básica secundaria, y 1 docente del modelo educativo telesecundaria. Se utilizaron instrumentos y técnicas de recolección de información cualitativas (el protocolo esperanzas y temores, la entrevista estructurada, los relatos de vida y la cartografía social). Los resultados muestran que los contextos socioculturales afectan la enseñanza, el aprendizaje y la construcción de identidades en los jóvenes rurales y que se requieren currículos contextualizados, construidos desde el reconocimiento de los territorios, la comprensión del entorno sociocultural y del trato diferenciado entre las poblaciones, según las condiciones de vulnerabilidad de cada persona, desde una mirada intercultural

The research aims to understand the incidence of sociocultural contexts in the construction of identities in rural youth, through the hermeneutical ethnographic analysis of discourse in students and a teacher in a rural public institution in Cundinamarca Colombia. The study was developed from a qualitative approach, through hermeneutic ethnography with a case study, with the participation of 16 students between the ages of 11 and 15 from sixth to ninth grade of basic secondary education and 1 teacher of the telesecondary educational model. Qualitative information collection tools and techniques were used (the Hopes and Fears protocol, the structured interview, life stories and social cartography). The results show how sociocultural contexts affect teaching, learning and identity construction in rural youth. Contextualized curricula are required, built from the recognition of the territories, the understanding of the sociocultural environment and the differential treatment between populations, according to the vulnerability conditions of each person and from an intercultural perspective

Evaluar en Educación Física: análisis de la tensiones existentes y justificación del empleo de la evaluación formativa y compartida / To evaluate in physical education: analysis of the existing tensions and justification of the employment of the formative and shared assessment / Avaliar na educação física: análise das tensões existentes e justificação do uso da avaliação formativa e compartilhada

Siempre ha existido un amplio debate en torno a la evaluación en Educación Física, tratando de comprender cuál es el modelo más adecuado para desarrollar todo el potencial de esta asignatura. En este artículo pretendemos contribuir al debate, para lo cual tratamos de aclarar algunas ideas preconcebidas a través del análisis de las principales tensiones que surgen en torno a su uso, y la justificación de por qué utilizar procesos de evaluación formativa y compartida en esta asignatura. Nuestra intención es generar reflexión en torno a la evaluación, con el fin de romper con barreras de corte más tradicional y dotar de una nueva visión a la temática, pretendiendo que sea de utilidad para que el profesorado la pueda aplicar en su aula.

There has always been a wide debate around the assessment in Physical Education, trying to understand what is the most appropriate model to develop the full potential of this subject. In this article, we intend to contribute to the debate, for this, we try to clarify some preconceived ideas through the analysis of the main tensions that arise around its use, and the justification of why it is important to use formative and shared assessment processes in this subject. Our intention is to generate reflection on the assessment, in order to break with traditional barriers and provide a new vision to the subject, pretending that it is useful for teachers and so they can apply it in their classroom.

Sempre houve um amplo debate em torno da avaliação em Educação Física, tentando entender qual é o modelo mais adequado para desenvolver todo o potencial dessa disciplina. Neste artigo, pretendemos contribuir para o debate e, para isso, tentamos esclarecer algumas idéias preconcebidas por meio da análise das principais tensões que surgem em torno de seu uso e a justificativa de por que usar processos de avaliação formativa e compartilhada nesta disciplina. Nossa intenção é gerar reflexão sobre a avaliação, a fim de romper as barreiras mais tradicionais e proporcionar uma nova visão do assunto, ao considerar que é útil para os professores aplicá-la em sala de aula.

Aspectos críticos contextuales de un hospital de alta complejidad / Critical contextual aspects of a highly complex hospital / Aspectos críticos contextuais de um hospital de alta complexidade

Este artículo presenta los resultados parciales de un análisis FODA realizado en el Instituto Nacional del Tórax, con el fin de generar información sobre los aspectos críticos que afectan la gestión estratégica de un hospital público de alta complejidad, y abrir una reflexión ética sobre tales procesos. Para su determinación se usaron focus group, entrevistas en profundidad, propuestas por el equipo Directivo del Hospital y discusiones en torno al ámbito contextual. Las entrevistas individuales y grupales tuvieron una duración de una hora y veinte minutos aproximadamente y se realizaron en dependencias del hospital. La conceptualización de los datos, se hizo desde la Teoría Fundamentada. El estudio muestra, de acuerdo con la percepción de los entrevistados, que hay aspectos contextuales, tales como reglas del juego, stakeholders y cultura país, cuya tensión ética con la organización, afectan el quehacer del Instituto Nacional del Tórax, en cuanto hospital público de alta complejidad.

This article presents the partial results of a SWOT analysis at the National Chest Institute, in order to generate information on critical issues affecting the strategic management of a public hospital of high complexity, and open an ethical reflection on such processes. For their determination were used: focus groups, interviews, proposed by the management team of the Hospital and discussions on the contextual level. The Individual and group interviews lasted about an hour and twenty minutes and were performed at hospital units. The conceptualization of the data was made from Grounded Theory. The study shows, according to the perception of the interviewees, their contextual issues such as rules, stakeholders and cultural country, whose ethical tension with the organization, affect the work of the National Chest Institute as a high complexity public hospital.

objetivo: Este artigo apresenta resultados parciais de uma análise FOFA realizada no Instituto Nacional de Tórax do Chile, com a finalidade de gerar informações sobre os aspectos críticos que afetam a gestão estratégica de um hospital público de alta complexidade, e gerar uma reflexão ética sobre tais processos. Método: para sua determinação fora utilizado o focus group, entrevistas em profundidade propostas pela equipe de gestão do hospital e discussões acerca do escopo contextual. A conceitualização dos dados, foi feita a partir da Teoria Fundamentada. Conclusões: o estudo demonstra que, de acordo com a percepção dos entrevistados, há aspectos contextuais, tais como as regras do jogo, stakeholders e a cultura do país, cuja tensão ética com a organização afetam o trabalho do Instituto Nacional do tórax, enquanto hospital público de alta complexidade.

Tensions et stratégies identitaires des enfants de couples mixtes / Tensões e estratégias identitárias de filhos de casais mistos / Identity tensions and strategies of nationally mixed people / Tensiones y estrategias identitarias de hijos de parejas mixtas

Appréhender l'identité d'individus dont l'origine est "mixte" permet de questionner l'existence de tensions entre deux groupes auxquels ils pourraient s'identifier nationalement. L'objet de cet article est de voir si de telles tensions existent, et comment les enfants de couples mixtes y font face. L'analyse d'une centaine d'entretiens effectués en France, au Royaume-Uni et en Allemagne révèle différentes situations où les enfants de couples mixtes, c'est-à-dire les individus ayant des parents nés dans des pays différents, connaissent une crise identitaire : en cas de concurrence entre lignées, ou d'inadéquation entre identités pour soi et pour autrui. Dans les cas où ils ne connaissent pas de concurrence entre groupes, les enfants de couples mixtes n'ont pas connu de tensions identitaires. Dans les autres cas, ils ont développé différentes stratégies afin de se forger une identité cohérente et positive. L'entredeux identitaire est donc une position que l'individu fait tout pour quitter.

Ao estudar a identidade de indivíduos de origens nacionais “mistas”, a pesquisa investiga o impacto das tensões possíveis que estes indivíduos podem experimentar por pertencer a duas nacionalidades. O objetivo deste artigo é verificar se estas tensões existem e, caso existam, como “pessoas de nacionalidade mista”, ou seja, pessoas tendo pais nascidos em países diferentes, respondem a elas. A análise de cerca de cem entrevistas conduzidas na França, no Reino Unido e Alemanha, trouxeram a tona diferentes situações nas quais eles experimentaram uma crise identitária: no caso da competição de descendência, ou um desajuste entre a identidade construída para si e para os outros. Quando eles não se encontram imersos em tensões intergrupais, pessoas de nacionalidade mista não experimentam tensões identitárias. Em outros casos, eles desenvolvem estratégias para construir uma identidade positiva e coerente, mostrando que a situação de conflito identitário é algo que eles buscam ativamente se desvencilhar.

In studying the identity of individuals of “mixed” national origins, the research investigates the impact of potential tensions these individuals could experience in belonging to two national groups. The purpose of this article is to see if such tensions exist, and if so, how “nationally mixed people,” that is people having parents born in two different countries, respond to them. The analysis of about a hundred interviews conducted in France, the UK and Germany highlights different situations where they experience an identity crisis: in the case of competition between lineage, or a mismatch between self-identity and identity for others. When they were not in the middle of intergroup tensions, nationally mixed people did not experience identity tension. In other cases, they developed strategies in order to build a coherent and positive identity, thus, showing that having a conflicting identity was a situation the individual was strongly fighting to leave.

Al estudiar la identidad de los individuos de orígenes nacionales “mixtas”, la investigación indaga el impacto de las tensiones posibles que estos individuos pueden experimentar por su pertenencia a las dos nacionalidades. El objetivo de este artículo es verificar si estar tensiones existen y, caso existan, como “personas de nacionalidades mixtas”, o sea, personas teniendo padres nacidos en países distintos, contestan a ellas. El análisis de cerca de cien entrevistas conducidas en Francia, en Reino Unido y Alemania, traen a la superficie distintas situaciones en las cuales ellos experimentan una crisis identitaria: en el caso de la competición de descendencia, o un desajustes entre la identidad construida para sí mismo y para los otros. Cuando ellos no se encuentran inmersos en tensiones intra-grupales, personas de nacionalidad mixta no experimentan tensiones identitaria. En otros casos, ellos desenvuelven estrategias para construir una identidad positiva y coherente, mostrando que la situación de conflicto identitario es algo que ellos buscan activamente desvencijarse.

Study of tension in the periodontal ligament using the finite elements method

Orthodontic movement is process of transformation of a physical stimulation into a force applied to a tooth, with a biological response identified as bone remodelling. Although it is possible to measure the force applied on a tooth, its distribution around the root is irregular forming areas of higher concentration of tensions, which do not correspond to the force initially applied. To evaluate the behavior of the periodontal ligament after the application of an external action and to prove which would be the areas of higher tension generated in the periodontium, the Finite Elements Method (FEM) was used in comparison to the results obtained in vivo on experimental models in rat. To test the error susceptibility of the technique used in the experimental model, the force application was simulated in three different heights on the mesial surface of the molar. The resulting histological analysis was compared with the result obtained for the computational code and disclosed that the greater focus of osteoclasts in activity had coincided with the compressed areas of the periodontal ligament. The alteration of points of force application generated areas of more extensive deformations in the periodontal ligament, as the point of application was more distant of the initial point, the horizontal force vector became bigger. These results demonstrate that the FEM is an adequate tool to study the distribution of orthodontic forces. The sensitivity of the experimental model used was also observed in relation to the installation of the dental movement device, which should be considered depending on the objective of the research.

Algunas reflexiones sobre las representaciones sociales y prácticas de los profesionales de salud escolar / Some reflections about social representation and practice of scholastic health professionals

Este trabajo es un recorte del proyecto "Representaciones Sociales y Práctica Profesional de Equipos Interdisciplinarios del Programa de Salud Escolar del Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires", (PROINPSI, UBA. Dir.: Mariana Funes Molineri), cuyo objetivo es describir las representaciones sociales sobre la propia práctica de los profesionales de los equipos de Salud Escolar y la relación entre éstas y su quehacer cotidiano. Metodología: Es un estudio exploratorio descriptivo de tipo cualitativo. Se realizaron once entrevistas semidirigidas a profesionales de distintas disciplinas pertenecientes al programa. El objetivo de esta presentación es describir y analizar las tensiones que subyacen a las representaciones sociales que los profesionales entrevistados poseen de su práctica, considerando los atravesamientos institucionales que las determinan. Conclusiones: Las ideas respecto a su tarea presentan distintas zonas de tensión: entre prevención y asistencia, entre lo clínico y lo comunitario, entre cantidad y calidad y entre abordaje disciplinario e interdisciplinario.

The current task is a part of the research Project: "Social Representation and Professional Interdisciplinary Practice Programme of the City of Buenos Aires City Hall"(PROINPSI, UBA. Dir.: Mariana Funes Molineri). Its objective is to describe the social representations considering the practice of the professionals that take part in the School Health teams, and the connection between them and their daily routine. Methodology: It is an exploratory, descriptive and qualitative research. Interviews have been done to eleven professionals who belong to different fields within the programme. The aim of this presentation is to describe and to analyze the tensions underlying of the social representation that tint the practice of the professionals interviewed, taking into account the institutional obstructions which determine it. Conclusions: The concept of these professionals with regard to their task presents different tension areas: between prevention and medical assistance, between clinical and community attention, between quantity and quality and between a disciplinary and a cross-disciplinary approach.

As tensões da dignidade humana: conceituação e aplicação no direito internacional dos direitos humanos / Tensions of human dignity: conceptualization and application to international human rights law / Las tensiones de la dignidad humana: conceptualización y aplicación en el derecho internacional de los derechos humanos

Este artigo é resultado da pesquisa "Dignidade Humana: conceituação filosófica e aplicação jurídica" apresentada pelo Grupo de Pesquisa POLITEIA da Escola de Filosofia da Universidade Industrial de Santander, classificado na categoria B por COLCIENCIAS. Neste texto, fazemos uma reconstrução conceitual de três tensões do conceito de dignidade humana: i) a tensão entre seu caráter natural e seu caráter artificial (ou consensual ou positivo); ii) a tensão entre seu caráter abstrato e seu caráter concreto e iii) a tensão entre seu caráter universal e seu caráter particular. Em um primeiro momento, expomos os principais elementos teóricos das tensões. Posteriormente, as tensões são ilustradas mediante quatro Instrumentos de Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos e cinco sentenças da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos. No final, apresentamos conclusões.

El presente artículo es resultado de la investigación "Dignidad Humana: conceptualización filosófica y aplicación jurídica" adelantada por el Grupo de Investigación POLITEIA de la Escuela de Filosofía de la Universidad Industrial de Santander, clasificado en categoria B por COLCIENCIAS. En este texto se realiza una reconstrucción conceptual de tres tensiones del concepto de dignidad humana: i) la tensión entre su carácter natural y su carácter artificial (o consensual o positivo); ii) la tensión entre su carácter abstracto y su carácter concreto y iii) la tensión entre su carácter universal y su carácter particular. En un primer momento se exponen los principales elementos teóricos de las tensiones. Posteriormente, las tensiones se ilustran mediante cuatro instrumentos de Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos y cinco sentencias de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. Al final se presentan las conclusiones lo anterior.

This article is the result of the research conducted on "Human Dignity: Philosophical conceptualization and the implementation of law" promoted by the POLITEIA Research Group from the School of Philosophy at the Universidad Industrial de Santander, classified as category B by COLCIENCIAS. This text formulates a three-strand conceptual reconstruction of the concept of human dignity: i) the tension between its natural and artificial character (either consensual or positive), ii) the tension between its abstract and concrete character, and iii) the tension between its universal and individual character. First, the main theoretical elements of these tensions are outlined. After that, the tensions are illustrated using four Instruments of International Human Rights Law and five trials by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. Finally, conclusions regarding the tensions are presented.

The Effect of Arterial and Venous Blood Oxygen Pressure on the Blood Glucase Value / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: The portable glucose meter is useful in operating rooms and intensive care units (ICUs), where blood glucose concentration must be analyzed frequently and rapidly, and provides immediate information for clinical decisions. At present, the glucose-oxidase(GOD) method is used extensively among many glucose measurement methods but blood oxygen concentration affects this blood glucose value because oxygen, at increased concentration, consumes blood glucose which cannot then be measured by GOD method. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of blood oxygen pressure on the blood glucose value by GOD method by the comparison of arterial and venous blood glucose values. METHOD: Patients are randomly assigned to FiO2. 0.33(group1; n=15), FiO2 0.5(group2; n=15) and FiO2 1.0(group3; n=15) groups. 20 minutes after intubation, the samples were obtained from artery and vein. Blood glucose concentrations were measured by portable glucose meter, respectively. RESULT: The value of arterial blood glucose when measured by the GOD method could be underestimated more than the value of venous blood glucose by 3~5 mg/dl. CONCLUSION: The blood glucose value obtained by GOD method is certainly affected by increased blood oxygen pressure. The underestimation is not a clinical problem when blood glucose is high, but anesthesiologist should pay attention to hypoglycemia by the GOD method when blood oxygen pressure is high.

Structural and physiological differences between montane and lowland avian eggs and embryos.

A few avian species breed at altitudes up to 6500 m. Embryos in eggs laid at high altitudes are confronted with the problem that gases diffuse more rapidly at low barometric pressure than at sea level. Data on birds breeding up to 4500 m indicate that modifications in eggshell structure and embryonic physiology foster successful development in these groups. At moderate altitudes (up to 3600 m), shell conductance to gases (corrected to 760 torr) is decreased in approximate proportion to the reduction in barometric pressure, thus offsetting the increased tendency of gases to diffuse. At altitudes above 4000 m, the conductance is increased above levels at moderate altitudes, thus fostering improvement in oxygen availability, while increasing rates of water and CO2 losses. Above 4000 m, embryonic physiological properties become increasingly important for coping with hypoxic, hypocapnic, and dehydrated conditions inside the shell. Nothing is known about characteristics of eggshells and embryos in eggs laid between 4500 and 6500 m. Despite years of artificial selection, domestic fowl do not breed successfully much above 3000 m. Embryos of domestic fowl appear highly sensitive to the effects of hypoxia.